• Introduction br Mitochondria and Warburg effect in

  2018-11-02

  

  Introduction Mitochondria and Warburg effect in human cancers Generally, 1 mol of glucose can generate approximately 36–38 mol of ATP, including 2 mol ATP from glycolysis in the cytoplasm (oxygen independent) and 34–36 mol ATP from oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria (oxygen dependent)

• The development of CH in adulthood has

  2018-11-02

  

  The development of CH in adulthood has been proposed to be related to delayed proliferation of cell rests. Moreover, several secondary predisposing factors such as trauma, infection, tumor growth or iatrogenic stimuli have also been mentioned. Occurrence of CH in adults is rare, and the lesion locat

• Furthermore Kobayashi et al reported that the incidence

  2018-11-02

  

  Furthermore, Kobayashi et al reported that the incidence of gallstones was significantly higher after total gastrectomy than after partial gastrectomy; our study presented similar findings (40% vs. 17.8%; odds ratio, 3.8). Furthermore, an increased incidence of acute cholecystitis was observed in pa

• br Case report An year old man presented with a

  2018-11-02

  

  Case report An 80-year-old man presented with a large recurrent anterior abdominal tumor with central necrosis and discharge (Figure 1). The patient had undergone two tumor resections in the past 5 years. Computed tomography revealed a lobulated, heterogeneous mass (11.8 cm × 5.3 cm × 8.8 cm) at

• Clinical data including visual analog

  2018-11-02

  

  Clinical data, including visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0–100 mm), ROM of the joints, and functional scores, were assessed before and 3 months after surgery. The functional scores for each joint were separately evaluated using exclusive scales including the Lysholm knee scale (0–100 points), Mayo

• Introduction br Sensing and quantification of energy substan

  2018-11-02

  

  Introduction Sensing and quantification of energy substances In 2012, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to two American scientists Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka for their outstanding contribution to our understanding of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Absorption and quanti

• Introduction The degree to which

  2018-11-02

  

  Introduction The degree to which embryonic stem buspirone hcl (ESCs) represent generic properties of pluripotent founder cells in mammalian embryos is unresolved (Nichols and Smith, 2012; Smith, 2001). Mouse ESCs are the paradigmatic model. However, it is increasingly clear that there are differen

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions

  2018-11-02

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Introduction Neural stem abacavir sulfate (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells that have the capability to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (Gage, 2000). NSCs are abundant during CNS development and also exist

• br Results br Discussion hESCs

  2018-11-02

  

  Results Discussion hESCs demonstrate the potential to serve as a starting cell population for bone regeneration, and previous studies report effective differentiation of hESCs to osteogenic lineage (Arpornmaeklong et al., 2010; Kärner et al., 2009). However, it remains important to better defi

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments

  2018-11-02

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Master transcription regulators control the pluripotent gene expression in embryonic stem fxr agonist (ESCs) (Avilion et al., 2003; Chambers et al., 2003; Mitsui et al., 2003; Nichols et al., 1998). X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a c

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments br Introductio

  2018-11-02

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Embryonic nephron progenitor already (ENPs) form a population of cells that gives rise to all nephrons in a kidney (Costantini and Kopan, 2010). The balance between maintenance of ENPs and differentiation of the cells to form nephrons is

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions

  2018-11-02

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Unlike the human prostate, which is organized into a single lobe with varying zonal layers, the murine prostate has four distinct lobes surrounding the urethra. The adult prostate contains three epithelial lineages

• To determine tissue specificity in CESC

  2018-11-02

  

  To determine tissue specificity in CESC differentiation, we performed chondrogenic and osteogenic induction under normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Our study revealed tissue specificity indicating that hypoxia promoted chondrogenesis but inhibited osteogenesis in CESCs. This tissue specificity of

• retinoic acid receptor br Experimental Procedures br Author

  2018-11-02

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge Hope Campbell at Blood Center of Wisconsin for performing FACS sorting. This work was supported by gifts from the Marcus Family, the Phoebe R. and John D. Lewis Foundation, the Sophia Wolf Quadracci Memoria

• Western blot analysis The proteins

  2018-11-02

  

  Western blot analysis. The proteins contained in hippocampal lysates were separated electrophoretically in polyacrylamide gel consisting of 0.375 M Tris–HCl (pH 8.8), 0.1% SDS, 0.1% TEMED, 10% acrylamide, 0.3% bisacrylamide. Stereotactic injections of viruses into the CA1 region of the mouse hippoc

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