• Exendin-4 Several studies have reported that the genotype an

  2022-02-01

  

  Several studies have reported that the genotype and allele frequencies of S267F vary considerably between different study groups and geographical regions (Ezzikouri et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2017, Li et al., 2014, Pan et al., 2011, Peng et al., 2015, Yang et al., 2016, Zhang et al.,

• Multiple studies from our laboratory and others which

  2022-02-01

  

  Multiple studies from our laboratory and others, which have used stoichiometric kinetic analyses of ANP/NPRA, have provided strong evidence that bound ligand-receptor complexes are internalized and processed intracellularly, and that degraded products are released into the culture medium of various

• Another possible effect of niacin is in altering immune

  2022-02-01

  

  Another possible effect of niacin is in altering immune cell trafficking; as it has been suggested that niacin therapy quells endothelial cell activation (Digby et al., 2010, Ganji et al., 2009) and thereby suppresses inflammatory cell recruitment (Wu et al. 2010). However, the impact of niacin on l

• br Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate

  2022-02-01

  

  Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors Downstream effects of glutamate receptor positioning Mechanisms underlying the subsynaptic positioning of glutamate receptors Conclusions and future prospects The molecular organization of synapses is undoubtedly a critical dete

• br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion A

  2022-02-01

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion A model of seizure and excitotoxicity induced by neonatal MSG administration was described recently (19) in which extracellular glutamate increased after the first and second MSG administrations were observed, the greatest increase seen following the

• LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV d glucose complex PDB entry

  2022-01-31

  

  LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV-d-glucose complex (PDB entry 3IDH) [17] were superimposed from individual subunits. The active site regions revealed the key N1-Methylpseudo-UTP binding residues to be present for LbGlcK; also, the superposition showed that HsHxKIV had residues that were absent in LbGlcK, such

• It is important to underline that although ghrelin

  2022-01-31

  

  It is important to underline that motilium although ghrelin increases the motivation to eat even in fed state, its effects on food intake and reward are blunted in obese animal models (Zigman et al., 2016). This emphasizes also the interconnection between homeostatic regulation of food intake and r

• Polymerisation of HbS initiates the clinical complications o

  2022-01-31

  

  Polymerisation of HbS initiates the clinical complications of SCD (Bunn and Forget, 1986). The resulting sequelae are multiple and diverse, and their individual impact on pathogenesis is difficult to elucidate. Early changes include altered red cell membrane permeability (Gibson and Ellory, 2002, Le

• Subsequently BAs are secreted in the portal vein

  2022-01-31

  

  Subsequently, BAs are secreted in the portal vein by the heterodimeric organic solute transporter OSTα/β [15]. At this level, BAs are transported back to the liver, where the great majority is reabsorbed by the sodium (Na)-Taurocholate Cotransporter Protein (NTCP) and organic anion transporting poly

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgements This study was supported

  2022-01-31

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgements This study was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2015M581817), the National Research Council of Science and Technology Support Program (2015BAD03B05-06), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

• Glutathione transferases EC also referred to as

  2022-01-30

  

  Glutathione transferases (EC 2.5.1.18; also referred to as glutathione S-transferases, GSTs) are ubiquitous and promiscuous enzymes that catalyze various kinds of reactions involving a wide variety of substrates that are toxic and chemically reactive (Angelucci et al., 2005). The primary function of

• GPR A a G protein coupled receptor located

  2022-01-30

  

  GPR109A, a G-protein-coupled receptor located mainly on adipocyte cell membranes, has been identified as the molecular target for nicotinic Liproxstatin-1 [[5], [6], [7]] and mediator of NEFA reduction [5]. As a mechanism of NEFA-lowering, it is recognized that activation of GPR109A leads to Gi-medi

• To ensure the induction of CYP enzymes by several

  2022-01-30

  

  To ensure the induction of CYP enzymes by several inducers, specific monooxygenase activities of variously induced, uninduced and pooled liver microsomes were compared (Fig. 3). Although 3-MC, phenobarbital, acetone, and dexamethasone could induce CYP1A-, CYP2B-, CYP2E1-, and CYP3A-selective enzyme

• Fatty acids are also known to activate G protein

  2022-01-30

  

  Fatty acids are also known to activate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). LCFAs activate the GPCRs for free fatty Endoxifen (FFA)1 and FFA4 (Briscoe et al., 2003; Hirasawa et al., 2005), whereas SCFAs activate FFA2 and FFA3 receptors, which are expressed in bovine neutrophils (Alarcon et al., 201

• BDNF is intricately implicated in energy homeostasis Hamdouc

  2022-01-30

  

  BDNF is intricately implicated in energy homeostasis (Hamdouchi et al., 2016; Schwartz and Mobbs, 2012), regulation of mood (Sartorius et al., 2015) and adult neurogenesis (Taliaz et al., 2010; Waterhouse et al., 2012), our primary focus was to evaluate the effects of GPR40 stimulation on BDNF expre

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